Introduced predators represent a threat at many potential release sites. The release of captive birds may introduce disease into the wild population. b reeding success on Pandanan and Rasa in 2016 was low and catastrophic on Dumaran (where all surviving nestlings were rescued) due to effects in El NiГ±o (P. Very dry breeding seasons may lead to partial or complete breeding failure, e.g.

Typhoons are a threat, at least in already declining populations. It is also persecuted as a crop-pest and hunted for food. Lowland deforestation and mangrove destruction have been extensive throughout its range, and have contributed significantly to its decline. During nest monitoring on Pandanan, illegal tree cutting was also documented (Anon. Poaching of nestlings and snares possibly intended for roosting cockatoos have also been noted during initial conservation work on Pandanan Island, but this threat ceased due to the implementation of an intensive wildlife warden and nest protection scheme (P. High numbers were (legally) traded internationally in the 1980s (e.g. On Palawan, Polillo and Samar, trapping was particularly serious, and the high price fetched per bird (c.US$160 in Manila in 1997 and US$300 in 2006) means that chicks were taken from virtually every accessible nest, however this trade has now virtually ceased due to the very low numbers of birds in these localities (P. 2016), and while the overall trend on Palawan is positive, the species is becoming concentrated in locations with active management (P. Some sites do still show a decline though, such as Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm on Palawan (P. The population on Dumaran Island remains stable on a low level of between 26 and 37 birds (P.

2012) and at least 230 by the end of 2015 (P. Since the start of a nest protection scheme on Pandanan in 2008 the cockatoo population increased from c. Individuals have reportedly 'self-introduced' from Rasa Island to the mainland indicating that Rasa may be reaching carrying capacity (Widmann and Widmann 2014a). 2016) and a record breeding season in 2011 saw 75 young banded. Conservation efforts are underway at four sites including on Rasa Island near Narra, Palawan, where the population increased from 23 in 1998 to over 200 in 2008 and 260-340 individuals by end of 2015 (Widmann and Widmann 2008, Anon. Subpopulations away from Palawan and the Sulus are mainly tiny and have few long-term prospects. 2016), it is possibly extinct on Mindanao, and there are fewer than 20 individuals recorded in the Polillo group of islands, Bohol and Samar (P. Of these, there are 580-850 on Palawan and its satellite islands, several hundred or 50-150 in Sulu (I. In 1950, it was common throughout but a rapid decline has left a population of c. This speciesВ is endemic to the Philippines. Therefore although they have now slowed or even stopped, declines are suspected to have been >80% in the past three generations (39 years), and as such the current trend is tentatively retained as declining. Interviews with trappers and farmers indicate that Philippine Cockatoos were considerably more common at least until the early 1980s in Palawan, Mindoro, Polillo, Mabate, Samar, Bohol, and Siargao, indicating that the dramatic decline occurred later in this decade (P. In five PCCP (Philippine Cockatoo Conservation Program) project sites, it has recovered considerably, but declines elsewhere continue, notably in Polillo, and it is feared nearing extinction in Rizal. However, the current population trend may in fact be far more favourable, since many populations in the oceanic Philippines are extinct and some protected populations are increasing (P.

This resulted in near-total harvest of nestlings and consequently recruitment was extremely low. Trend justification This long-lived species has declined extremely rapidly owing to extensive deforestation within its range, but also as a result of the high prices the birds fetch in trade (c. Population justification The population is estimated to number 650-1,120 individuals, roughly equivalent to 430-750 mature individuals (P. However, the bulk of the past declines are believed to have occurred within the past three generations and so it is assessed as Critically Endangered. Now that it is extinct in much of its historic range, and some protected populations are increasing, the rate of decline may have slowed or the decline may even have stopped.

Justification of Red List Category This species has suffered an extremely rapid population reduction owing to extensive loss of its lowland habitats and trapping for the cagebird trade.

Red vented cockatoo